Upper Limb Conditions

UpperLimb and LowerLimb

by Mohammad Waseem

Hand, Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

Evaluation and treatment of hand, shoulder and elbow injuries, arthritis, congenital deformities, upper extremity joint replacement, carpal tunnel syndrome, tendon problems, rotator cuff problems, sports-related injuries and instability problems of the shoulder.

  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
  • Acute fractures and stress fractures
  • Muscle strains and tears
  • Rotator Cuff Injuries
  • Rotator Cuff Tears
  • Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder
  • Shoulder Dislocations
  • Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
  • De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
  • Ganglion Cysts of the Hand
  • SLAP Tear (Superior Labrum from Anterior to Posterior Tear)
  • Tennis Elbow, Tendonitis
  • Sternoclavicular joint disorders
  • Scapulothoracic Joint Conditions and arthroscopy

Shoulder Surgery

What common shoulder conditions are treated by our specialists?

Types of Shoulder Surgery

  • Arthroscopy for Impingement Syndrome.
  • Arthroscopic SLAP Repair.
  • Arthroscopy for Shoulder Dislocation.
  • Arthroscopy for Frozen Shoulder.
  • Rotator Cuff Repairs.
  • Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Repairs.
  • Shoulder Replacement.
  • Biceps Tendon Surgery.
  • Sternoclavicular Joint Surgery excision and Arthroscopy
  • Scapulothoracic Joint Arthroscopy
  • Reverse shoulder replacement

What are the common Elbow conditions are treated?

We treat the following elbow conditions:

  • Cubital Tunnel Syndrome.
  • Ulnar Nerve Compression.
  • Arthritis.
  • Dislocations.
  • Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy.
  • Tendinitis and Tennis Elbow.
  • Golfers Elbow
  • Elbow fractures
  • Elbow arthroscopy
  • Radial Tunnel syndrome
  • Distal biceps rupture
  • Bursitis Olecranon, biceps
  • Snapping Triceps

Wrist

Your wrist is made up of eight small bones known as carpals. They support a tube that runs through your wrist. That tube, called the carpal tunnel, has tendons and a nerve inside. It is covered by a ligament, which holds it in place.
Wrist pain is common. Repetitive motion can damage your wrist. Everyday activities like typing, racquet sports or sewing can cause pain, or even carpal tunnel syndrome. Wrist pain with bruising and swelling can be a sign of injury. The signs of a possible fracture include misshapen joints and inability to move your wrist. Some wrist fractures are a result of osteoporosis.
Other common causes of pain are

  • Sprains and strains
  • Tendinitis
  • Arthritis
  • Gout and pseudogout
  • Wrist replacement
  • Wrist Arthroscopy
  • Wrist Fusion
  • Wrist injections
  • Dequvervains Tendinitis
  • Wrist Instability
  • Scapholuntae Disorders
  • Lunotriqutral Disorders
  • Scaphoid Fractures
  • Wrist infections
  • STT joint Arthritis
  • Four corner Fusions
  • Proximal Row carpectomy

Hand Surgery

  • Carpal tunnel Syndrome
  • Guyon’s Canal Release
  • Hand infections
  • Rhematoid disorders
  • Thumb Arthritis
  • Hand joint replacements
  • CRPS
  • Ganglions
  • Glomus tumours
  • Giant cell tumours of tendon Sheath
  • Enchondromas of bone
  • Mallet finger
  • Swan neck deformity
  • Boutonniere deformity

Sprains

A sprain is a stretched or torn ligament. Ligaments are tissues that connect bones at a joint. Falling, twisting, or getting hit can all cause a sprain. Ankle and wrist sprains are common. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and being unable to move your joint. You might feel a pop or tear when the injury happens.
A strain is a stretched or torn muscle or tendon. Tendons are tissues that connect muscle to bone. Twisting or pulling these tissues can cause a strain. Strains can happen suddenly or develop over time. Back and hamstring muscle strains are common. Many people get strains playing sports. Symptoms include pain, muscle spasms, swelling, and trouble moving the muscle.
At first, treatment of both sprains and strains usually involves resting the injured area, icing it, wearing a bandage or device that compresses the area, and medicines. Later treatment might include exercise and physical therapy.

Tendinitis

Tendons are flexible bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. They help your muscles move your bones. Tendinitis is the severe swelling of a tendon.
Tendinitis usually happens after repeated injury to an area such as the wrist or ankle. It causes pain and soreness around a joint. Some common forms of tendinitis are named after the sports that increase their risk. They include tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, pitcher's shoulder, swimmer's shoulder, and jumper's knee.
Doctors diagnose tendinitis with your medical history, a physical exam, and imaging tests. The first step in treatment is to reduce pain and swelling. Rest, wrapping or elevating the affected area, and medicines can help. Ice is helpful for recent, severe injuries. Other treatments include ultrasound, physical therapy, steroid injections, and surgery.

Arthritis

If you feel pain and stiffness in your body or have trouble moving around, you might have arthritis. Most kinds of arthritis cause pain and swelling in your joints. Joints are places where two bones meet, such as your elbow or knee. Over time, a swollen joint can become severely damaged. Some kinds of arthritis can also cause problems in your organs, such as your eyes or skin.
Types of arthritis include

  • Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis. It's often related to aging or to an injury.
  • Autoimmune arthritis happens when your body's immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake. Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common form of this kind of arthritis.
  • Juvenile arthritis is a type of arthritis that happens in children.
  • Infectious arthritis is an infection that has spread from another part of the body to the joint.
  • Psoriatic arthritis affects people with psoriasis.
  • Gout is a painful type of arthritis that happens when too much uric acid builds up in the body. It often starts in the big toe.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It causes pain, swelling, and reduced motion in your joints. It can occur in any joint, but usually it affects your hands, knees, hips or spine.
Osteoarthritis breaks down the cartilage in your joints. Cartilage is the slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint. Healthy cartilage absorbs the shock of movement. When you lose cartilage, your bones rub together. Over time, this rubbing can permanently damage the joint.
Risk factors for osteoarthritis include

  • Being overweight
  • Getting older
  • Injuring a joint

No single test can diagnose osteoarthritis. Most doctors use several methods, including medical history, a physical exam, x-rays, or lab tests.
Treatments include exercise, medicines, and sometimes surgery.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a form of arthritis that causes pain, swelling, stiffness and loss of function in your joints. It can affect any joint but is common in the wrist and fingers.
More women than men get rheumatoid arthritis. It often starts in middle age and is most common in older people. You might have the disease for only a short time, or symptoms might come and go. The severe form can last a lifetime.
Rheumatoid arthritis is different from osteoarthritis, the common arthritis that often comes with older age. RA can affect body parts besides joints, such as your eyes, mouth and lungs. RA is an autoimmune disease, which means the arthritis results from your immune system attacking your body's own tissues.
No one knows what causes rheumatoid arthritis. Genes, environment, and hormones might contribute. Treatments include medicine, lifestyle changes, and surgery. These can slow or stop joint damage and reduce pain and swelling.

Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales. You usually get them on your elbows, knees, scalp, back, face, palms and feet, but they can show up on other parts of your body.
Some people with psoriasis have psoriatic arthritis. It causes pain, stiffness, and swelling of the joints. It is often mild, but can sometimes be serious and affect many joints. The joint and skin problems don't always happen at the same time.
Your doctor will do a physical exam and imaging tests to diagnose psoriatic arthritis. There is no cure, but medicines can help control inflammation and pain. In rare cases, you might need surgery to repair or replace damaged joints.

Gout

Gout is a common, painful form of arthritis. It causes swollen, red, hot and stiff joints.
Gout happens when uric acid builds up in your body. Uric acid comes from the breakdown of substances called purines. Purines are in your body's tissues and in foods, such as liver, dried beans and peas, and anchovies. Normally, uric acid dissolves in the blood. It passes through the kidneys and out of the body in urine. But sometimes uric acid can build up and form needle-like crystals. When they form in your joints, it is very painful. The crystals can also cause kidney stones.
Often, gout first attacks your big toe. It can also attack ankles, heels, knees, wrists, fingers, and elbows. At first, gout attacks usually get better in days. Eventually, attacks last longer and happen more often.
You are more likely to get gout if you

  • Are a man
  • Have family member with gout
  • Are overweight
  • Drink alcohol
  • Eat too many foods rich in purines

Gout can be hard to diagnose. Your doctor may take a sample of fluid from an inflamed joint to look for crystals. You can treat gout with medicines.
Pseudogout has similar symptoms and is sometimes confused with gout. However, it is caused by calcium phosphate, not uric acid.